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author: Wielocha, Agnieszka B.

title: Collecting archives of objects and stories: on the lives and futures of contemporary art at the museum

date: 2021

abstract: Contemporary art challenges the traditional idea of a musealium as well as institutional procedures related to collection care and preservation. Conventionally, visual artworks have been perceived as fixed, unique, material entities created and finished at a particular time, and museum approaches to collecting and preserving them were established accordingly. Nevertheless, contemporary art often resists this definition and undermines dogmas of material authenticity and artist’s intent, as well as the conviction that an object’s integrity resides in its physical features. Taking as its focus the triangle ofrelationships between an artist, a museum and a contemporary artwork as collectible, this study investigates how contemporary artworks by Mirosław Bałka, Danh Vo and Barbara Kruger are collected, documented and conserved in today’s institutions. It looks at how (and whether) new methods developed in the field of contemporary art conservation, such as the artist’s interview, are adopted by museums, and attempts to identify factors undermining their effectiveness. By looking at contemporary art as a new paradigm of artistic practice and building on notions such as musealisation, art project as art form and art object as document, this study works towards a theoretical model that address the incompatibility between a traditional museum approach to collecting and preserving and the features of contemporary art. By employing and extending concepts introduced by conservation theorist Hanna Hölling and the notion of ‘anarchives’ by media theorist Siegfried Zielinski, this study adopts the model of the ‘artwork-as-(an)archive’. Starting from the premise that our future understanding of contemporary artworks can only be constructed through traces of documentation, this model grants documents a status equal to that of art objects and obliges institutions to care for them on a similar basis. Besides its capacity to facilitate conservation, the artwork-as-(an)archive model is here considered as a space for collaboration between artists and museums, a space to be collectively shaped,filled and nourished that fosters transparency and inclusiveness.

tags: subject//archive

theme: Archives

Présentation auteur.e.s

[[Wielocha, Aga*]]

Résumé

Ce document de thèse explore les défis posés par l’art contemporain aux pratiques muséales traditionnelles en matière de collecte, de documentation et de conservation. L’auteur se concentre sur la relation triangulaire entre l’artiste, le musée et l’œuvre d’art contemporaine en tant qu’objet de collection. La thèse examine comment les musées adoptent de nouvelles méthodes développées dans le domaine de la conservation de l’art contemporain, en mettant un accent particulier sur l’entretien avec l’artiste. L’objectif principal est d’identifier les facteurs qui favorisent ou entravent l’efficacité de ces nouvelles approches et de proposer un modèle théorique capable de combler le fossé entre la nature changeante de l’art contemporain et les structures muséales établies.

Idées principales

Le texte explore les enjeux liés à la conservation et à la documentation de l’art contemporain dans les musées, en mettant en évidence les défis que posent des œuvres souvent éphémères, conceptuelles, processuelles et variables aux pratiques muséales traditionnelles, historiquement conçues pour des objets matériels et stables.

Dans ce contexte, la documentation est présentée comme un outil fondamental de conservation, jouant un rôle clé dans la préservation de l’identité des œuvres et dans l’orientation des décisions futures. Elle englobe notamment des informations sur les modalités de présentation, le contexte de création, l’état matériel de l’œuvre ainsi que les collaborations ayant contribué à sa réalisation.

L’entretien avec l’artiste (artist interview) est identifié comme une méthode centrale dans la documentation à visée conservatoire. Il permet de recueillir des données précieuses sur les intentions, la signification et les dimensions matérielles des œuvres, et constitue un outil essentiel pour éviter des erreurs d’interprétation ou de conservation.

Le texte interroge également le rôle de l’entretien dans l’ensemble documentaire constitué autour d’une œuvre : au-delà d’un simple recueil de faits, l’entretien est envisagé comme un assemblage de récits nécessitant une interprétation. Il contribue à construire une mémoire vivante de l’œuvre, où subjectivité et multiplicité des points de vue ont leur place.

Cette approche rejoint l’idée de l’œuvre d’art comme archive — ou (an)archive — suggérant une relation intrinsèque entre œuvre et documentation. Dans ce modèle, l’archive ne se limite pas à un dépôt physique, mais devient un système dynamique de mémoire et de savoirs, qui valorise la pluralité des récits et accepte l’incomplétude comme constitutive.

Le texte met en lumière les tensions existantes entre l’évolution des théories de la conservation de l’art contemporain et des pratiques institutionnelles parfois rigides. Ces frictions peuvent découler des systèmes de classification muséale, des structures administratives ou encore de la nature des relations entre artistes et institutions.

L’étude appelle ainsi à une approche plus holistique et intégrée, prenant en compte l’œuvre dans sa globalité, à la fois physique et narrative. Elle plaide pour la collecte et la préservation active des récits des artistes et des parties prenantes, au même titre que les objets eux-mêmes.

À travers l’analyse de cas concrets — notamment des œuvres de Mirosław Bałka et le Chandeliers Project de Danh Vo — le texte illustre les diverses stratégies adoptées par les institutions pour documenter, conserver et collaborer avec les artistes, tout en soulignant les défis rencontrés sur le terrain.

Enfin, le texte propose un modèle théorique visant à combler le fossé entre la nature évolutive de l’art contemporain et les structures muséales traditionnelles, en accordant une place centrale aux récits et à la subjectivité dans les pratiques documentaires et conservatoires. Le rôle de l’archive institutionnelle y est également analysé, en tant qu’élément structurant de l’identité des œuvres et révélateur des dynamiques internes propres à chaque institution.

Lien avec la thèse

La documentation comme outil de conservation : La documentation est considérée comme un outil fondamental pour la conservation, en particulier pour l’art contemporain. p.31 Étant donné que l’art contemporain peut être éphémère, processuel ou variable dans ses supports, la documentation devient un moyen de préserver son identité et de permettre sa continuation. p.15

La documentation d’une exposition enregistre la manière dont une œuvre a été présentée, y compris son installation, l’espace d’exposition et le contexte de sa monstration. p.90 Ces informations sont cruciales pour les décisions de conservation futures, car elles peuvent éclairer les intentions de l’artiste concernant la présentation et aider à maintenir l’intégrité de l’œuvre lors de futures expositions ou conservations. p.15

La documentation réalisée lors d’une exposition (photographies d’installation, rapports de condition avant et après l’exposition) permet de suivre l’état de l’œuvre et d’identifier d’éventuels changements ou dommages survenus pendant la période d’exposition. p.90 Cela est essentiel pour la conservation préventive et curative. p.67

La documentation peut également enregistrer les collaborations entre l’artiste, les conservateurs et les commissaires d’exposition lors de la préparation et du montage d’une œuvre pour une exposition. p.3 Ces échanges et les décisions prises concernant l’œuvre (par exemple, les instructions d’installation, les choix de matériaux) constituent des informations précieuses pour la conservation à long terme. p.132

Intégration de la documentation dans la “constituante de l’œuvre” : Certains théoriciens proposent de considérer la documentation non pas comme un élément secondaire à l’œuvre, mais comme une partie intégrante de sa “constituante” ou de son “(an)archive”. p.15 Dans cette perspective, la documentation d’une exposition contribue à la définition et à la pérennisation de l’œuvre au même titre que l’objet physique. p.280

Malgré cette importance, les sources soulignent que la documentation liée aux expositions est parfois dispersée dans différents services du musée (conservation, archives, service des expositions) et n’est pas toujours considérée comme une priorité au même titre que la conservation de l’objet lui-même. p.212 Il existe un plaidoyer pour une meilleure intégration et accessibilité de cette documentation. p.15

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